Page 137 - Toucan_Modules_EN
P. 137
o
d
f
e
i
t
n
o
i
a
m
m
h
t
e
m
m
t
h
e
b
a
l
o
e
i
f
t
l
l
f
u
y
u
r
e
p
s
e
l
t
p
f
a
c
y
l
o
a
c
e
p
h
,
t
o
i
t
b
a
i
o
r
n
f
n
r
enable the fulfilment of the aim, the profitable supply of a certain commodity or
e
service.
Figure 4. Business Model
O
d
d
A
e
e
d
e
c
o
m
e
o
A
B
o
g
a
y
u
e
n
d
M
e
e
B
o
o
m
u
h
w
o
n
p
d
a
Source: Business model (Adapted from Osterwalder, A. ‘The Business Model Ontology’,
u
e
e
S S o u r r c e : : B u s s i i n e s s s s m o d e l l ( ( A d a p t t e d f f r r o m O s s t t e r r w a l l d e r r , , A . . ‘ ‘ T T h e B u s s i i n e s s s s M o d e l l O n t t o l l o g y ’ ’ , ,
O
n
2004)
s
l
s
f
f
s
r
r
o
e
i
i
e
u
s
s
l
u
o
f
b
n
a
h
d
b
h
a
e
e
o
r
u
u
r
f
s
o
t
d
t
n
o
e
e
e
s
s
In the new era of sustainable business models there are three types of business models,
m
m
,
a
m
a
p
s
e
l
i
l
s
i
s
b
e
s
s
e
b
s
d
s
t
d
n
o
a
a
s
n
p
s
s
t
b
b
n
n
u
u
e
m
I I
e
n
e
o
n
i
,
e
i
e
e
e
e
t
e
t
s
t
t
r
l
e
e
a
a
r
r
s
e
e
y
s
y
e
e
w
n
n
e
w
e
h
l
s
h
h
e
r
h
t
t
o
worth mentioning:
u
o
b
m
a
s
i
p
e
f
n
s
o
s
l
s
l
e
r
d
m
t
· platform business models
u
s
l
y
s
o
u
i
i
r
W W
o
s
e
o
n
We live in a world full with 'things. Many of these items are rarely or infrequently used (for
a
t
t
l
w
n
e
w
M
M
i
i
e
r
i
f
r
i
o
y
i
n
f
i
f
g
u
o
r
r
r
o
u
t
g
.
t
v
v
r
r
i
i
n
h
a
a
h
n
e
y
t
e
e
t
y
h
a
f
h
s
e
'
n
.
'
l
l
e
e
e
t
l
l
m
r
d
d
m
l
l
r
a
a
e
e
f
f
n
e
u
n
e
s
r
s
d
d
r
i
e
y
i
r
f
e
t
e
e
t
w
w
o
o
e
e
r
y
(
f
(
u
s
h
h
l
s
a
l
l
n
a
q
n
t
q
l
s
s
a
h
t
t
t
d
d
p
k
t
k
a
a
l
h
.
l
d
a
o
o
,
,
r
r
p
u
s
o
u
o
b
b
l
l
g
a
s
g
a
i
i
t
l
l
l
l
l
l
e
e
t
n
n
o
t
t
u
o
'
s
c
c
W
c
o
t
)
p
c
e
o
)
p
e
s
example, automobiles, parking places, but also clothes and tools). Wouldn't it be
e
e
u
'
a
b
a
b
.
d
s
o
s
n
i
o
W
i
t
n
n
n
s
d
h
f
i
a
r
a
e
s
h
d
i
s
r
a
e
u
s
r
r
f
u
a
r
o
n
s
c
e
t
u
n
g
t
u
e
p p
c
i
l
e
(
(
s
s
,
s
,
m
m
r
d
preferable to enhance the usage of such features (drilling, dressing, mobility) by
o
g
f
g
l
s
i
f
s
e
e
e
g
d
l
l
r
b
e
a
i
e
a
n
r
t
t
c
i
b
c
i
i
b
b
h
r
e
e
e
e
i
y
r
h
t
t
n
t
t
g
l
l
,
)
o
o
e
e
e
e
g
y
b
h
h
b
n
n
a
a
,
e
)
e
y
y
n
n
i
f
u
f
l
l
o
u
o
l
a
y
b
a
a
b
?
g
e
?
y
l
l
n
a
a
a
b
c
b
n
p
l
l
p
e
s
g
e
e
s
t
t
a a
i
c
c
e
e
l
y
t
t
c
i
a
w
i
y
w
a
r
r
r
a
t
t
r
t
e
e
f
c
c
o
o
v
v
t
a
a
f
allowing more people to benefit? Capacity and availability can be considerably better
t
t
i
a
n
e
e
n
i
t
e
o
m
i
i
m
o
e
d
p
p
d
l
l
l
i
t
o
o
l
o
b
a
b
b
C
o
e
l
e
l
e
y
y
i
p
e
n
r
d
a
e
i
i
d
i
r
o
i
o
a
n
a
b
b
n
i
p
C
e
n
b
n
n
i
u
w
f
t
s
s
i
e
s
s
s
g
e
t
o
u
i
u
n
,
t
s
f
n
i
s
.
u
h
m
'brokered' using a platform, which means less stuff has to be built. Intensifying use is thus
i
t
a
s
h
e
t
y
l
h
e
a
f
e
b
h
b
n
l
I
c
n
s
n
a
y
n
o
c
n
e
d
w
n
a
o
n
a
m
n
c
y
p
b
u
y
b
n
e
a
b
e
e
prudent, but not always sustainable. Anyone who can combine capacity, need, and
d
n
c
o
a
A
a
c
e
o
h
d
e
a
p p r r u d e n t t , , b u t t n o t t a l l w a y s s s s u s s t t a i i n a b l l e . . A n y o n e w h o c a n c o m b i i n e c a p a c i i t t y , , n e e d , , a n d
w
a
n
u
u
a
e
n
accessibility in an intelligent way has a business model. Thus, platform models
n
e
h
y
e
d
y
u
o
c
a a c c e s s s s i i b i i l l i i t t y i i n a n i i n t t e l l l l i i g e n t t w a y h a s s a b u s s i i n e s s s s m o d e l l . . T T h u s s , , p l l a t t f f o r r m m o d e l l s s
u
g
n
o
w
n
a
h
o
n
c
a
p
b
m
d
e
m
a
m
e
e
b
a
contribute directly to the move to services and may be very successfully coupled with
c o n t r i b u t e d i r e c t l y t o t h e m o v e t o s e r v i c e s a n d m a y b e v e r y s u c c e s s f u l l y c o u p l e d w i t h
h
u
s
s
s
e
o
o
b
d
.
f
t
e
s
o
w
m
t
p
n
e
o
h
i
t
r
e
y
e
the other two types of business models.
l
t
s
community business models
· c o m m u n i t y b u s i n e s s m o d e l s
,
,
s
o
m
t
m
a
r
o
a
e
p
p
p
i
o
o
l
p
e
a
c
c
t
s
i
a
l
h
u
o
e
o
o
a
u
t
s
s
h
i
i
r
r
r
r
e
t
o
e
,
,
t
e
s
n
e
e
v
n
d
d
s
s
t
t
y
y
i
i
a
t
i
n
v
i
s
n
n
n
r
w
o
r
w
e
,
o
e
m
e
m
n
r
e
n
n
,
,
n
e
r
e
,
a
a
m
m
o
o
w
w
g
e
o
g
e
r
o
e
o
e
e
e
n
m
People are more eager to invest in their own means, community, power, and so on, as
a
n
o
a
P P
n
n
m
f
f
r
e
o
t
n
s
o
t
p
y
e
s
m
o
e
h
t
s
e
g
s
a
e
s
e
m
t
v
n
n
i
l long as these investments offer some type of 'return.'
o
f
e
t
'
r
e
New business models develop when these two phenomena intersect.
N e w b u s i n e s s m o d e l s d e v e l o p w h e n t h e s e t w o p h e n o m e n a i n t e r s e c t .
o
e
a
a
o
a
m
c
e
p
m
a
e
h
e
e
n
g
v
u
w
e
e
y
b
e
e
y
u
A A s s a r r e s s u l l t t , , w e a r r e s s e e i i n g i i n d i i v i i d u a l l s s f f o r r m e n e r r g y c o o p e r r a t t i i v e s s , , s s h a r r e d m o b i i l l i i t t y
g
v
o
n
d
d
a
e
As a result, we are seeing individuals form energy cooperatives, shared mobility
o
d
n
a
e
o
a
d
h
o
o
g
h
h
g
n
h
n
e
a
m
m
y
y
a
o
c
c
o
t
s
d
o
t
s
e
l
l
e
r
r
l
o
e
e
o
y
b
b
y
l
g
g
k
f
c
l
f
c
n
n
c
k
e
e
r
o
p
p
o
d
e
e
d
r
t
t
s
s
u
p
b
b
p
y
y
u
u
r
u
i
o
a
s
s
a
r
i
t
schemes, local do-it-yourself energy supported by blockchain technology as a method
t
n
o
n
y
y
l
e
e
h
c
h
k
d
O
s
t
o
o
d
o
d
a
k
d
l
O
l
e
e
m
c
m
of transaction, and so on. Ordinary folks contribute money (crowdfunding) and time
n
o
o
i
t
s
n
n
c
i
n
a
n
g
n
o
r
o
r
a
)
)
d
n
d
n
g
n
i
i
i
i
.
f
a
f
o
y
n
y
r
r
.
n
n
b
m
t
f
t
m
r
d
d
i
i
e
(
b
(
r
f
e
r
r
n
n
c
y
y
o
e
u
e
o
u
o
w
t
u
t
w
o
u
c
)
n
n
t
d
g
i
i
u
o
t
a
m
.
a
c
e
o
t
e
l
e
r
m
c
i
b
s
u
n
m
n
s
e
b
(
(time banking) to create a community business model.
e
s
a
k
y
o
m
t
i
i
s
u
b
n
d
s
o
m
e
s
l
e
s
i
a
r
c
u
r
c
l
· circular business models
z
a
u
u
n
n
a
l
i
o
l
i
a
n
o
z
i
n
i
e
The organization of value retention between and by organizations around the redesign
i
i
z
z
n
e
T T
s
t
h
h
i
s
i
e
e
o
r
o
o
g
i
i
f
r
f
g
n
g
n
g
o
e
e
a
e
d
d
n
a
a
e
a
o
a
t
t
t
v
o
v
y
n
n
y
b
e
e
b
b
b
a
i
i
t
h
h
a
t
o
o
t
n
n
n
e
o
o
e
a
a
n
u
u
n
t
t
r
r
d
d
e
e
n
d
w
w
d
r
e
e
r
r
r
e
e
t
t
g
a
g
e
s
e
a
s
n
n
n
r
o
o
r
n
t
t
e
r
of several interrelated material and product cycles is at the heart of circular business
y
a
e
r
m
o
a
r
t
o
t
f
s
s
a
u
c
c
f
h
b
t
s
d
o
e
c
v
i
a
r
a
e
e
s
u
u
t
r
s
a
t
l
r
i
s
e
a
l
l
n
p
l
i
a
c
e
r
h
l
e
d
n
r
e
i
i
d
n
c
t
e
models.
| 141
