Page 136 - Toucan_Modules_EN
P. 136
c
c
o
o
E
E
m
m
y
y
n
n
o
o
r
r
c
c
C
C
i
i
a
a
r
r
u
u
l
l
M
M
o
o
s
s
l
l
d
d
e
e
u
u
s
s
B
B
e
e
s
s
i
i
n
n
7.2. Circular Economy Business Model
t
“ “
9
9
0
t
r
r
e
e
r
“Currently, over 90% of the resources that are used globally do not return in the
r
0
o
o
o
o
f
f
d
d
%
%
o
o
n
n
e
i
t
n
i
t
y
l
l
e
e
t
t
n
n
n
y
u
u
o
o
t
v
e
t
v
,
n
,
n
r
r
u
u
c
c
e
s
e
u
e
d
u
e
r
r
s
s
s
h
t
h
t
t
a
a
r
r
e
e
a
t
a
d
h
h
l
l
e
a
b
e
a
y
y
l
l
t
t
g
s
e
g
s
o
o
o
o
b
r
l
e
r
l
e
r
h
r
r
h
C
u
r
u
e
C
c
i
c
c
1
e
u
y
n
r
t
i
s
m
e
s
e
%
c
h
a
9
O
s
”
o
e
t
W
e
.
n
y
d
o
(
r
c
c
a
n
e
a
s
e
t
e
economic system. Only 9,1% of our society can be characterised as circular.” (De Wit et
l
a
o
s
m
t
o
a
D
f
i
i
i
r
l
c
.
,
o
r
t
u
y
c
b
r
al., 2018b).
Our society is a society comprised of organisations.
O u r s o c i e t y i s a s o c i e t y c o m p r i s e d o f o r g a n i s a t i o n s .
Everything we are is organized by, for, and with one another. The pattern that underpins
n
o
n
p
n
a
e
g
E E v e r r y t t h i i n g w e a r r e i i s s o r r g a n i i z z e d b y , , f f o r r , , a n d w i i t t h o n e a n o t t h e r r . . T T h e p a t t t t e r r n t t h a t t u n d e r r p i i n s s
w
o
a
e
e
e
n
d
a
a
e
n
a
e
e
g
u
a
h
v
y
h
e
y
d
h
o
h
b
w
n
n
h
o
p
d
e
n
h o w w e o r g a n i z e i s b a s e d o n t h e i n d u s t r i a l m o d e l , w h i c h a i m s t o t u r n r a w r e s o u r c e s i n t o
how we organize is based on the industrial model, which aims to turn raw resources into
e
e
h
h
l
h
r
r
c
t
i
i
g
i
i
i
g
t
i
c
s
s
l
d
o
f
f
l
i
i
i
m
m
o
i
i
h
d
p
p
d
h
i
i
d
o
o
f
y
f
s
e
e
e
e
s
s
s
c
r
h
h
i
i
r
i
n
(
(
y
c
n
i
i
o
r
e
e
r
e
e
t
i
i
t
o
e
m
m
.
.
r
r
a
a
t
t
e
s
s
e
e
n
n
u
u
m
o
o
a
c
c
m
l
l
y
y
z
z
i
i
t
t
n
n
e
e
i
i
n
a
e
e
n
p p
products. This is done extremely efficiently within the organization. The (implicit) premise
e
.
p
t
T
l
e
T
T
t
p
t
n
T
w
x
)
t
)
t
n
h
t
.
w
x
s
v
t
h
n
s
l
l
t
,
t
n
t
v
s
i i is that the lifespan of items should be as brief as feasible, even if they are fully usable
s
a
s
a
r
r
o
a
o
s
t
b
i
a
a
h
h
a
s
e
e
b
i
,
t
i
y
y
l
o
o
a
a
e
e
i
d
l
m
m
i
e
f
i
d
f
e
l
e
e
e
s
s
e
l
h
e
f
f
n
n
u
h
h
e
s
s
u
h
a
s
b
t
a
e
e
u
b
h
f
f
t
p
p
s
a
f
s
s
s
i
i
u
l
l
y
i
f
f
i
l
l
l
y
l
e
e
a
a
e
b
u
u
b
b
e
e
e
t
t
f
f
e
e
r
e
r
b
e
a
f
l
c
d
f
e
b
o
a
a
s
o
'
r
i
m
o
u
,
n
t
f
e
o
'
c
n
s
l
i
p
e
n
o
n
t
m
e
o
h
a
s
a
t
n
d
s
t
s
o
e
from a material standpoint. Based on the notion of 'planned obsolescence,' this results
s
i
a
n
i
a
o
d
l
t
e
n
h
t
s
r
n
r
e
e
.
p
l
t
B
o
i
h
.
s
v
a
a
e
h
i
o
a
r
n
a
e
u
l
i
t
a
m
r
i
s
f
f
r
s
b
l
u
a
t
i in a stimulation of as high a turnover rate as feasible.
a
s
e
t
g
n
o
e
t
n
o
o
d
e
b
e
n
s
s
r
o
i
i
o
a
a
b
r
n
n
a
l
o
d
e
t
t
d
w
e
a
s
e
e
o
o
b
s
c
c
o
a
a
l
w
s
s
m
o
i
i
m
e
n
e
d
o
b
k
e
e
e
i
i
h
h
f
f
e
k
r
r
a
a
e
g
t
g
t
t
n
n
t
t
s
s
n
e
e
e
t
r
e
n
f
f
h
h
T T This means that things are broken down or rendered obsolete after a specific and
p
h
h
d
d
r
d
r
r
p
e
r
e
e
r
n
a
i
i
a
d
n
n
t
t
r
r
s
s
c
c
a
n
a
n
o
r restricted time period, and it underlies the so-called 'take-make-waste' manufacturing
i
t
e
i
d
s
e
e
d
r
d
t
t
a
e
u
o
c
e
d
r
l
e
t
t
i
i
p
e
s
n
,
i
s
h
r
m
r
'
w
a
f
a
g
t
n
s
u
a
t
i
n
c
u
e
m
p a r a d i g m , w h i c h i s b u i l t o n l i n e a r v a l u e c h a i n s
paradigm, which is built on linear value chains.
o
r
a
a
u
n
e
n
u
e
n
e
h
o
a
i
a
r
a
t
m
t
t
T T The implementation of the circular economy necessitates fundamental structural
u
m
u
t
t
n
t
n
t
c
t
m
m
c
t
e
e
i
c
c
c
t
a
t
c
t
e
e
i
n
i
c
u
u
l
l
e
c
r
r
e
l
s
r
r
a
a
s
l
f
f
s
s
n
o
e
e
n
m
m
a
a
s
s
o
d
t
l
r
r
d
l
f
f
t
o
o
i
l
l
y
n
n
p
h
e
i
h
n
e
c
c
e
e
y
m
m
n
s
e
i
i
t
s
p
t
a
o
o
a
u
u
e
e
h
v
l
l
e
e
s
s
c
c
v
t t transformation. This new system necessitates the development of new business models.
a
s
m
s
e
o
e
o
a
s
d
s
p
e
d
e
p
n
n
e
m
e
h
h
h
t
h
u
s
s
i
u
i
s
n
.
n
i
T
s
T
t
i
b
w
w
n
e
e
a
e
e
n
a
n
n
b
n
e
e
w
n
w
.
e
.
m
m
a
m
a
e
r
f
o
f
s
s
o
o
r
o
d
d
m
e
t
e
o
o
e
t
.
n
e
n
s
s
t
s
t
i
s
i
s
s
o
i
o
t
t
e
t
t
r
e
s
e
n
n
f
y
f
s
y
s
l
s
e
r
l
t
i
m
m
t
a
e
s
s
m
s
s
t
Companies must get insight into which business model matches the organization and is
a
a
i
i
z
z
t
e
t
t
a
e
e
s
d
c
i
o
c
d
c
c
t
n
t
t
t
a
a
n
n
n
d
h
o
i
i
i
i
i
m
o
h
o
n
i
d
o
i
o
n
n
n
g
w
w
g
e
r
e
s
o
o
t
r
t
e
i
e
m
s
h
h
s
i
s
m
i
i
i
n
s
n
t
t
s
h
t
h
s
s
h
h
b
s
b
h
h
e
t
e
n
n
g
a
g
g
i
u
u
l
a
g
l
p r o m i s i n g f o r t h e c h a i n i n o r d e r t o a d o p t t h e v a r i o u s b u s i n e s s m o d e l s .
promising for the chain in order to adopt the various business models.
n
o
u
e
d
n
e
d
f
f
o
In a nutshell, the circular economy is founded on the concept of keeping resources in
n
n
u
I I
n
n
o
d
o
d
c
e
e
r
r
c
e
k
k
e
u
u
p
n
n
c
i
i
p
c
i
i
l
e
o
o
e
t
c
c
i
i
t
a
a
f
l
a
a
f
r
r
u
u
e
s
h
h
o
o
l
e
s
s
s
u
e
e
n
n
u
t
r
r
c
c
t
l
h
h
r
t
t
g
g
e
e
r
l
,
,
s
s
l
e
e
c
o
e
e
o
n
i
i
n
c
c
c
y
m
o
o
m
n
n
n
y
n
p
h
e
o
s
s
e
h
o
p
t
t
n
n
n
v
v
n
n
n
a
t
l
s
a
o
o
l
d
s
e
a
a
e
t
e
e
a
a
a
a
i
l
m
i
i
i
l
i
m
e
i
l
t
t
i
i
e
l
l
e
circulation for as long as possible and utilising them at the maximum potential value
e
l
d
a
u
i
a
t
u
i
h
p
p
h
h
m
m
m
s
s
e
e
x
x
u
u
m
s
i
i
s
t
t
u
p
b
o
o
m
t
t
p
t
t
g
u
h
b
t
g
m
n
s
r
s
a
r
e
i
t
y
u
a
l
s
,
a
c
q
e
s
c
r
i
e
l
g
e
g
t
d
r
i
e
a
e
y
t
h
h
e
r
T
h
t
throughout their lives. To do this efficiently, a large-scale strategy is required since
u
r
t
c
n
d
t
t
f
u
s
e
l
e
h
o
i
e
l
o
s
v
i
i
i
f
o
.
o
g
i
v
i
v
i
e
z
e
o
o
g
z
g
r
r
s
y
y
f
e
f
s
t
t
o
t
s
o
t
e
e
d
d
h
s
e
h
e
e
o
o
n
m
n
a
m
f
f
g
f
i
i
f
a
c
c
o
a
a
o
a
a
n
n
c
l
l
c
a
a
r
r
u
n
n
e
x
x
e
i
i
r
l
p
i
l
g
i
i
i
n
u
r
n
p
t
t
u
l
m
r
m
m
m
l
u
r
i
t
i
n
n
t
u
u
m m
material fluxes must be of significant volume. When compared to a linearly organized
a
a
b
.
.
a
d
d
b
a
e
e
a
a
W
l
l
W
e
l
e
l
o
o
e
s
s
e
r
m
m
s
m
w
r
e
u
u
b
t
w
b
i
e
o
o
economy, such an economy will shrink considerably. Less mining and manufacture of
m
i
i
i
i
f
f
i
.
l
.
l
h
n
l
e
n
e
s
h
s
L
s
l
l
s
s
l
d
d
c
s
y
t
L
y
r
c
s
r
k
k
a
a
m
i
n
m
i
i
f
o
i
f
n
n
a
a
n
n
n
e
e
g
g
r
r
u
c
u
c
o
n
n
n
d
d
a
a
a
y
y
a
n
l
d
m
u
u
l
e
d
i
d
h
h
i
e
u
m
d
g
g
n
n
r
b
i
i
s
r
b
b
s
d
t
t
o
u
p
b
f
f
o
p
g
i
g
s
e
s
r
r
r
r
n
n
a
i
i
a
l
l
q
i
y
y
s
s
i
i
r
e
e
t
t
r
r
e
e
o
o
o
o
s
e
e
r
e
,
,
d
q
s
n
n
c
e
e
c
i
r
e
t
t
e
e
e
m
m
e
o
r
o
t
o
o
i
u
u
r
new items is required, but things are used for considerably longer periods of time,
i
e
s
s
a
a
r
f
t
i
w
w
f
,
,
e
d
e
n n
s
d
s
contributing to value creation and value retention.
c o n t r i b u t i n g t o v a l u e c r e a t i o n a n d v a l u e r e t e n t i o n .
“ V a l u e r e t e n t i o n a s a c o l l e c t i v e t a s k m e a n s t h a t a c u r s f r o m a n o r g a n i s a t i o n
“Value retention as a collective task means that a shift occurs from an organisation-
t
c
c
e
a
n
l
e
e
u
e
r
r
e
a
o
centric perspective to co-creating and co-maintaining a cycle that creates value over
t
l
e
i
i
a
d
c
v
t
a
n
m
a
i
i
v
c
s
n
o
a
t
n
c
r
g
y
g
t
a
n
h
a
t
)
a
a
n
e
n
y
a
x
t
t
t
e
i
t
u
s
a
e
e
y
i
w
i
(
a
h
n
r
o
s
t
t time at various moments by re-entering that what already exists ((raw) materials,
h
v
m
a
s
e
a
t
r
b
e
m
r
o
i
m
a
w
l
e
m
s
g
s
d
,
r
(
i
r
l
a
r
e
t
i
b
s
i
a
e
o
u
b
n
t
c
s
o
products) into new transactions. This results in a collective business model, based on a
t
d
u
n
a
n
t
c
w
n
s
n
t
l
m
,
o
e
r
s
e
s
o
e
a
o
s
d
i
p
n
d
s
)
r
a
m
e
t
m
i
o
o
r
i
i
t
c
c
r
r
t
h
i
s
i
s
s
s
t
t
i
t
i
c
c
s
f
f
g
s
s
e
e
t
a
a
n
s
e
a
e
value cycle-centric organisational perspective. Recycling shifts from something that
p
p
g
a
e
e
v
o
o
o
v
r
f
f
i
c
c
e
n
r
r
n
r
r
t
m
o
n
.
.
m
i
i
s
n
a
R
n
s
g
g
e
t
o
o
l
l
h
n
i
h
n
n
n
i
R
l
a
l
t
c
t
c
e
h
e
e
g
h
h
a
y
i
i
a
y
t
t
c
c
p
p
t
g
a
f
t
i
g
g
i
f
s
a
c
s
c
c
a
f
f
i
p
p
a
n
n
n
occurs at the end of the value chain to a central principle for the design and
o o
i
n
c
t
t
n
n
n
d
d
t
t
a
n
a
a
e
t
o
o
t
r
h
h
r
e
d
d
a
e
e
e
e
t
o
o
o
l
l
o
l
c
l
c
u
u
r
r
n
a
c
c
p
h
a
d
u
p
i
e
i
e
h
i
a
i
t
t
c
h
n
h
e
e
v
c
e
d
e
n
n
v
l
l
r
u
e
h
r
s
s
r
a
e
t
e
h
r
t
e
organisation of a cycle.”
“ O v e r 6 1 % o f t h e t o t a l i n p u t o f m a t e r i a c a l l e d ‘ s h o r t
“Over 61% of the total input of materials are being used for so-called ‘short-lived
n
e
a
p
c
e
h
o
e
a
a
W
y
n
D
h
o
e
u
d
p
a
c
e
p p r r o d u c t t s s ’ ’ ; ; t t h e l l i i f f e s s p a n o f f t t h e s s e p r r o d u c t t s s i i s s u s s u a l l l l y l l e s s s s t t h a n a y e a r r . . ” ( ( D e W i i t t e t t a l l . . , ,
”
y
h
a
u
e
a
o
e
u
u
products’; the lifespan of these products is usually less than a year.” (De Wit et al.,
e
d
2018b)
(
g
e
c
a
a
a
a
c
i
i
r
i
e
r
i
o
r
o
n
t
n
m
t
u
h
s
s
l
l
e
h
h
h
g
m
g
h
e
u
e
e
e
i
i
i
i
e
z
z
m
n
h
t
t
n
s
s
m
n
n
t
M
e
t
s
n
s
e
e
r
a
a
o
e
M
o
r
n
)
s
)
d
h
h
d
u
u
b
s
z
z
b
h
i
i
h
o
o
g
(
t
o
t
B
g
B
o
o
w
h
i
o
i
w
h
t
t
A business model (BM) is the method through which organizations organize the
A A
o
s
h
g
r
h
s
d
d
o
i
t
2
)
o
generation of value. The traditional definition of a business model (see figure 2) consists
g
o
e
r
n
r
u
e
l
a
e
n
a
s
g
u
s
s
c
t
v
n
f
i
o
i
e
i
i
l
m
u
d
o
T
s
e
s
i
o
i
t
t
.
s
r
l
a
d
f
t
e
e
a
(
o
n
f
h
d
b
e
i
e
e
s
n
i
n
o
n
f
a
o
n
c
e
n
u
e
e
n
c
o
g
e
of three components. First, consider the logic of value creation, or the value
a
p
o o f f t t h r r e e c o m p o n e n t t s s . . F i i r r s s t t , , c o n s s i i d e r r t t h e l l o g i i c o f f v a l l u e c r r e a t t i i o n , , o r r t t h e v a l l u e
d
o
a
o
v
h
u
e
F
o
e
e
c
e
o
h
e
h
o
v
a
n
c
m
n
a
o
c
a
l
y
o
y
i
i
a
a
w
w
n
a
d
d
a
i
,
,
o
l
i
n
a
l
a
l
n
i
i
i
n
i
i
n
a
s
s
a
b
i
b
i
n
n
i
i
c
c
i
y
y
a
a
p p
u
l
o
l
l
l
s
o
c
u
l
l
s
f
e
f
proposition: what extra value is being generated financially, as well as socially and
t
e
e
:
t
e
:
w
w
e
a
l
r
r
g
l
a
a
l
h
h
p
p
a
n
n
e
a
t
o
o
e
e
t
e
e
r
r
e
d
d
a
s
s
a
g
a
t
x
x
e
t
r
r
e
e
v
t
g
v
g
s
s
s
s
n
n
l
o
t
o
n
e
?
n
e
e
n
c
t
environmentally? Second, how this value generation is organized inside a single
e
n
i
w
n
l
u
i
o
s
g
a
n
o
s
v
l
e
h
a
d
l
d
t
S
i
a
y
o
o
,
g
n
d
l
r
i
r
e
i
n
t
s
n
i
e
a
g
e
e
s
v
r
i
a
i
h
z
m
u
a
p
u
organization or, in certain situations, across numerous parties. To do this, various building
g
n
p
g
n
n
u
u
a
n
o o
a
u
u
d
d
a
i
l
l
a
a
e
n
c
n
c
r
r
o
i
i
e
o
r
r
s
z
z
m
g
g
s
r
s
s
r
m
,
,
n
o
o
n
i
s
s
s
i
i
s
o
o
o
o
s
s
i
i
i
o
o
d
d
n
i
n
u
u
T
n
s
n
.
.
i
i
o
o
u
T
u
t
t
r
i
e
i
s
s
i
i
n
e
n
c
v
v
,
c
,
a
,
,
t
a
r
a
r
r
h
a
h
r
t
t
r
t
t
i
o
i
a
o
t
a
o
b
b
r
r
t
t
t
t
o
a
e
i
s
i
e
a
s
i
i
s
t
t
n
c
c
n
i
d
d
t
e
s
t
i
m
s
m
e
t
a
t
t
a
e
e
t
n
n
o
n
n
k
l
o
i
i
e
i
c
c
v
s
s
v
elements like as clients, channels, expenses, and activities must be linked logically to
e e
i
l
k
i
l
l
e
e
i
s
e
e
s
s
e
s
s
e
i
,
,
s
l
l
e
l
l
n
u
n
l
o
s
s
l
l
l
h
l
e
h
x
x
o
l
u
c
e
e
g
m
g
n
k
k
n
l
e
e
a
c
a
a
m
l
i
a
i
n
,
t
,
e
i
e
a
t
b
n
i
a
a
n
,
,
s
b
s
i
c
c
s
s
y
e
y
n
e
e
a
t
p
p
d
t
d
| 140

