Page 57 - Toucan_Modules_EN
P. 57
g
g
i
i
i
i
r
r
e
o
i
n
o
v
e
i
v
t
l
t
p
a
l
p
l
l
c
c
e
e
s
s
v
v
t
e
e
t
g
a
a
a
r
f
g
r
f
f
s
i
f
n
n
s
n
i
T
T
r
r
e
e
u
u
a
b
b
o
o
n
e
e
t
i
i
d
a
n
t
b
n
c
l
c
y
y
c
c
l
l
l
n
n
r
o
r
a
e
i
o
e
a
t
i
a
a
.
.
i
t
a
y
d
y
n
n
a
i
n
m
m
a
b
e
e
e
e
h
e
h h
c
e
heating and cooling units can greatly improve efficiency. The best available reverse
e
e
e
e
g
g
h
s
s
v
v
a
c
cycle air conditioners are 30-40% more efficient than ‘minimum standard’ models.
c y c l e a i r c o n d i t i o n e r s a r e 3 0 4 0 % m o r e e f f i c i e n t t h a n ‘ m i n i m u m s t a n d a r d ’ m o d e l s .
S o m e b u s i n e s s m o d e l s c a n a d d r e s s u p f r o n t c o s t b a r r i e r s t o i n v e s t i n g i n H V A C u p g r a d e s .
Some business models can address upfront cost barriers to investing in HVAC upgrades.
a
y
a
y
n
n
e
e
e
c
r
r
h
h
r
a
c
a
r
i
b
n
r
e
n
r
r
T T These include energy performance contracts delivered by energy service companies
e
e
e
p
y
v
v
y
p
l
i
c
c
s
e
d
b
c
m
m
e
e
d
d
d
c
e
n
e
e
r
e
e
e
o
o
e
c
n
r
c
n
y
o
l
y
r
r
s
p
e
g
l
p
g
t
t
m
s
n
s
n
u
u
n
m
o
e
e
t
e
v
v
c
t
i
o
i
c
r
r
o
i
n
g
g
e
i
f
c
e
f
s
n
s
e
e
i
a
e
a
c
d
e
e
i
e
l
s
r
d
e
s
a
s
h
h
o
s
t
t
t
u
t
s
o
n
e
o
n
n
u
e
a
c
s
v
v
c
a
n
a
t
t
C
e
e
C
a
a
s
s
e
e
d
i
’
d
.
’
e
e
.
e
d
e
V
e
d
h
h
r
r
l
l
d
s
s
e
d
e
V
s
e
s
S
e
m
m
C
e
m
C
e
o
e
f
A
A
(ESCOs) and ‘HVAC as a service’ business models. To read more, see the factsheet on
a
m
E
E
i
T
i
s
T
s
e
b
b
e
r
r
o
)
e
S
)
o
r
r
s
s
o
o
‘
a
a
n
n
‘
H
i
a
s
c
( (
c
,
O
s
s
O
s
,
f
H
e
r
m
t
c
o
n
v
c
l
.
g
i
e
i
s
e
overcoming split incentives.
i
n
n
i
s
v
p
o
e
t
Innovations
c
w
A A d v a n c e s s i i n e l l e c t t r r i i c a l l l l y p o w e r r e d H V A C s s y s s t t e m s s , , s s u c h a s s h e a t t p u m p s s , , c a n r r e s s u l l t t i i n
n
e
c
y
p
Advances in electrically powered HVAC systems, such as heat pumps, can result in
d
V
e
p
c
A
u
u
o
H
n
e
h
n
c
e
C
e
a
c
p
d
m
e
a
a
e
e
n
h
a
m
y
a
u
v
s
n
s
n
r
i
i
o
r
b
l
l
y
y
b
n
a
a
u
u
n
d
d
o
i
i
a
a
m
e
e
v
v
m
s
F
F
d
d
s
e
r
r
g
g
e
g
n
r
g
0
m
n
0
r
t
t
i
m
,
,
o
o
s
n
i
s
s
s
n
s
e
i
i
i
e
o
o
i
e
a
e
i
n
i
a
t
t
c
c
1
1
o
c
o
0
n
n
c
i
f
n
i
0
n
f
n
s
u
i
%
s
s
i
s
i
i
.
%
g
n
n
d
.
u
g
d
e
s
e
g
s s significant energy savings and emission reductions. For some buildings, 100%
g
c
v
b
o
e
d
o
n
a
m
e
h
a
w
m
e
a
e e l l e c t t r r i i f f i i c a t t i i o n m a y n o t t b e v i i a b l l e . . H o w e v e r r , , a m a j j o r r i i t t y o f f t t h e h e a t t i i n g l l o a d b e i i n g m e t t
o
b
H
g
a
o
a
g
o
a
h
e
m
n
e
y
n
o
y
e
e
v
e
a
n
electrification may not be viable. However, a majority of the heating load being met
e
b
c
.
i
i
c
r
e
l
l
i
f
h
e
h
e
e
with electricity, paired with a small amount of fuel backup, can still result in big savings.
i
i
f
r
c
l
l
f
f
l
l
l
g
d
e
a
a
a
g
u
l
t
u
t
l
l
a
a
n
i
b
l
.
l
n
b
d
e
a
n
s
i
n
s
w
w
c
p
p
c
m
k
k
b
m
b
i
r
r
n
i
,
,
i
n
i
s
e
s
u
,
,
y
p
o
o
p
s
s
s
s
y
i
i
u
i
i
u
u
g
g
t
s
s
t
e
t
e
m
e
c
m
v
u
o
v
a
a
n
n
t
t
t
a
c
a
a
l
c
a
a
i
t
t
c
l
t
r
r
o
u
a
t
t
r
V
r
f
f
r
r
V
A
A
m
o
e
e
t
m
o
r
r
g
g
a
e
H
a
H
w
w
e
i
i
m
f
m
s
r
s
r
i
c
c
i
b
f
b
g
g
c
c
c
n
n
e
e
e
o
e
g
g
t
e
c
e
t
o
n
e
o
e
e
e
o
i
i
a
a
c
c
T T The savings generated from HVAC electrification can be even greater when combined
d
h
h
n
d
n
a
a
n
v
v
n
i
n
i
b
b
s
s
n
n
t
a
i
a
t
i
r
r
e
a
e
e
a
e
n
n
e
e
v
v
n
n
e
t
h
h
t
C
C
e
e
e
d
d
l
e
l
e
with onsite renewable energy generation.
w i t h o n s i t e r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y g e n e r a t i o n .
i
In addition to potential energy savings, there is growing recognition of the health and
e
h
t
a
r
p
i
i
l
t
t
o
t
o
a
e
e
i
r
g
d
n
l
o
h
f
d
n
e
a
i
v
n
a
h
w
i
r
e
o
n
g
o
d
e
,
i
n
o
o
a
g
i
g
t
e
h
n
I
t
e
t
n
y
n
s
s
n
t
s
c
r
g
s
a
s
g
d
n
i
g
i
n
a
a
a
a
a
i
i
n
a
a
n
e
i
i
e
l
l
t
.
t
u
u
.
q
n
n
q
o
o
i
i
h
m
c
c
m
e
e
h
m
m
y
y
r
r
t
t
T
o
o
T
r
r
d
d
s
t
s
t
d
t
u
i
f
f
m
m
i
u
r
r
f
f
e
e
d
d
h
o
o
s
t
s
o
h
e
o
e
v
n
v
n
b
i
b
a
a
y
t
y
t
t
i
i
i
t
i
n
c
n
t
t
e
e
i
c
i
i
e
e
g
i
g
g
i
g
t
t
u
i
n
productivity benefits of indoor air quality management. This includes mitigating the
l
n
u
l
p p
i
e
o
k
e
o
o
n
r
n
m
t
t
e
k
e
r
n
n
t
t
g
a
a
g
o
r
o
d
r
d
h
h
e
T
n
n
T
e
o
n
e
s
s
i
i
e
a
a
c
s
s
c
s
u
t
t
u
i
a
a
a
i
l
.
m
d
r
r
.
a
n
i
i
n
n
t
a
e
e
s
l
s
s
a
m
m
d
t
a
a
o
e
p
b
b
r
o
r
p
n
e
i
e
i
s
t
t
t
h
a
a
t
d
d
s
s
spread of airborne contaminants and disease through ventilation systems. The market
e
n
r
r
o
m
m
h
s s
a
y
h
h
f
t
s
t
i
i
o
f
y
n
n
e
a
e
v
v
i
u
o
t
n
d
a
a
i
f
i
,
r
n
s
s
d
e
e
c
e
n
o
i
i
h
r
d
r
p
r
i
o
o
n
c
a
f for indoor air purification devices is expanding and, by reducing outside fresh air
i
s
d
s
n
i
x
i
b
e
o
r
r
a
v
t
g
n
u
i
a
e
e
f
p
d
g
r
u
y
d
i
c
s
r
u
l
e
r requirements, could contribute to lower overall HVAC energy use.
r
n
e
c
e
u
C
d
t
y
m
r
e
w
v
,
e
a
b
g
e
r
V
o
o
o
l
A
c
e
n
H
n
e
o
o
r
t
l
s
q
u
u
l
t
t
i
i
e
.
e
i
c
i
o
a
e
a
i
y
a
a
a
a
o
i
c
p
o
d
m
m
g
m
o
m
o
e
e
o
c
o
o
c
n
n
g
d
r
r
b
i
i
n
o
,
m
,
o
b
r
r
p
m
m
n
n
g
g
k
Rooftop-packaged air conditioners are becoming more common, although many
n
u
m
m
n
i
m
n
k
i
t
y
u
r
t
r
e
r
r
h
h
e
h
h
s
s
a
a
n
n
g
o
o
d
d
e
e
t
t
g
c
c
l
c
c
l
e
o
e
a
o
a
a
a
h
h
a
l
l
.
o
o
l
l
h
s
h
t
a
R
u
d
h
s
a
e
e
r
u
a
n
h
t
a
.
t
c
f
s
p
p
t
a
e
a
a
e
t
a
e
t
e
p
p
a
t
R
a
s
c
a
f
d
t
r
o o
n
e
o
f
f
r
a
e
a
e
o
l
l
n
n
d
t
t
e
t
i
w
o
o
y
i
y
w
i
e
e
e
e
t
d
a
o
o
l
i
l
a
r
r
l
t
l
e
e
t
f
f
e
operate at part load where they are less efficient than at full load. Rooftop-packaged
r
r
e
r
c
e
i
e
i
e
e
n
t
t
c
c
n
,
,
o
e
e
o
r
r
r
i
y
y
i
c
c
r
a
a
u
d
d
d
i
i
t
t
c
t
i
i
t
u
s
s
n
f
f
n
a a
air conditioners can incorporate advanced features that improve part load efficiency,
d
e
e
o
s
e
a
a
s
o
n
n
e
t
r
t
c
r
v
e
t
v
r
t
t
c
r
t
r
d
d
a
a
o
o
p
p
n
n
a
a
a
a
m
i
v
c
i
i
i
v
r
l
m
l
c
d
d
a
a
e
p
f
e
p
a
a
o
o
f
f
r
n
r
n
p
r
c
f
p
r
c
h
a
o
o
o
n
a
o
n
e
i
i
e
h
e
s
s
s
c
e
s
b
t
c
b
t
s
b
b
u
u
a
a
g
r
i
r r
e
e
reliability, and reduce energy consumption by about 17%. These features include:
n
n
g
r
e
u
e
f
e
e
l
u
e
e
l
n
r
f
c
r
n
c
a
y
e
y
i
i
a
s
a
e
e
o
o
a
e
o
o
e
e
l
l
e
t
t
t
1
t
b
1
b
%
i
,
T
n
n
,
e
i
i
:
y
u
y
p
u
p
d
.
r
d
.
r
:
d
%
d
T
u
o
o
u
u
h
h
c
e
e
u
i
n
a
e
7
n
7
y
a
y
n
l
d
m
l
i
t
t
d
c
n
m
i
i
i
l
r
l
a
r
c
b
w
a
s
o
i
a
n
s
a
t
t
v
d
e
e
r
r
p
g
e
o
e
f
t
e
h
n
· variable speed fans with greater control,
a
o
v
u
r
· inverter controls to vary output,
e
t
t
y
p
s
v
n
n
o
l
t
c
t
t
o
r
r
o
i
r
e
u
r
r
n
s
i
t
u
g
t
a
e
o
n
n
m
e
a
i
i
u
v
k
l
d
s
i
s
o
n
u
s
t
o
a
c
r
e
o
t
l
h
s
t
c
c
o
· economisers such as ventilation lockout during start-up,
n
o
i
d
d
t
t
d
n
l
n
o
e
i
m
v
a
o
e
l
a
r
c
l
e
n
t
· demand controlled ventilation,
t
g
c
t
r
e
o
o
o
i
e
l
f
s
u
n
c
n
n
o
e
i
d
h
n
· evaporative pre-cooling of the condenser unit,
r
d
s
i
r
r
n
i
a
n
s
e
o
s
p
s
c
i
c
i
.
v
n
t
o
o
g
u
t
e
n
g
i
n
n
o
u
a
n
m
s
o
r
d
a
e
g
d
s
a
d
i
· s superior monitoring and diagnostics using advanced sensors.
A c t i v e s o l a r t h e r m a l s y s t e m s c a p t u r e s o l a r r a d i a t i o n b y h e a t i n g a n d s t o r i n g f l u i d i n a
Active solar thermal systems capture solar radiation by heating and storing fluid in a
n
a
c
e
p
n
e
e
n
c
e
c
c
d
a
a
y
collector. In space heating and cooling applications, the heat is transferred indirectly
a
g
a
e
n
p
c
e
d
n
n
h
c c o l l l l e c t t o r r . . I I n s s p a c e h e a t t i i n g a n d c o o l l i i n g a p p l l i i c a t t i i o n s s , , t t h e h e a t t i i s s t t r r a n s s f f e r r r r e d i i n d i i r r e c t t l l y
e
a
o
h
n
g
o
h
o
p
a
o
o
d
e
I
l
t
e
e
I
e
a
o
i
o
y
a
a
y
a
p
p
u
u
u
u
t
a
t
a
l
t
t
m
m
i
p
p
c
c
e
y
h
c
x
x
a
c
e
A
A
s
s
a
d
i
n
t
i
d
e
n
e
e
e
e
y
l
l
h
a
h
h
a
f
f
e
v v
n
i
i
e
e
b
i
a
i
via a heat exchanger. In other applications, the hot fluid may be used directly. Active
.
r
r
i
d
v
t
c
a
n
v
c
r
t
c
n
,
h
r
,
b
d
h
e
e
n
e
.
t
r
a
a
h
.
l
l
o
t
r
s
s
i
g
t
t
i
e
e
i
h
t
c
g
h
d
o
h
o
t
d
o
.
o
q
l
t
e
r
r
a
y
e
e
h
r
a
n
o
m
u
y
n
i
s
t
g
r
s
a
o
g
r
r
u
e
e
t
e
l
i
d
r
t
d
c
s
e
l
o
n
n
s
o
r
a
n
u
t
e
m
a
t
o
r
r
e
f
n
s solar thermal systems do not require energy infrastructure and generate low or no
w
e
r
s
r
d
d
n
r
r
n
,
o
o
,
n
n
S
S
a
d
a
e
e
i
i
o
d
r
o
i
i
.
n
n
o
.
f
f
i
o
o
s
carbon emissions. Since periods of incident solar radiation and cooling loads coincide,
a
l
l
a
c c
o
a
r
i
a
a
a
i
r
i
d
n
c
d
n
r
s
o
o
s
i
o
o
p
p
i
t
t
i
c
g
g
b
i
e
e
b
i
e
e
t
i
i
t
m
n
d
n
o
o
c
c
i
d
m
i
i
n
d
d
n
d
n
n
e
i
i
a
a
o
a
a
e
e
o
s
s
o
o
i
i
o
s
s
c
l
s
d
l
n
c
c
n
c
l
l
e
s
s
c
c
o
n
s
n
i
m
n
l
c
r
r
c
d
a
e
e
a
l
s
p
e
o
solar cooling reduces peak demand.
g
d
u
a
e
n
o
s
o
k
.
d
o
e
n
o
h
n
e
b
c
e
c
n
o
a
y
g
e
n
c
c
V
n
C C o m p u t t e r r t t e c h n o l l o g i i e s s c o n t t i i n u e t t o e n h a n c e H V A C s s y s s t t e m e f f f f i i c i i e n c y , , r r e l l i i a b i i l l i i t t y a n d
A
y
a
m
C
h
c
H
e
u
o
Computer technologies continue to enhance HVAC system efficiency, reliability and
m
y
e
e
e
p
d
e
u
n
o
n
e
a
c
c
w
r
i
w
i
a
a
s
l
l
t
s
t
s
d
s
d
n
i
i
n
g
a
g
i
i
r
r
r
s
c
c
s
intelligence. They also assist integration with other building services. Accurate and
i
n
o
o
u
t
u
A
u
A
i
b
r
s
i
n
r
s
b
u
a
a
h
a
h
d
n
i
d
i
i
e
.
.
t
e
e
n
a
o
e
o
o
n
n
o
t
h
h
t
t
e
e
e
t
t
c
e
c
t
e
e
r
r
g
g
t
s
i
s
i
v
a
v
s
s
t
C
n
t
l
n
C
u
n
t
n
u
t
l
e
e
o
I
I
m
m
t
t
b
b
H
H
e
e
t
r
r
e
a
t
i
n
i
t
t
c
t
a
e
A
A
l
n
e
u
u
e
l
s
e
a
a
r
s
n
g
g
e
n
o
a
c
r
r
V
V
r
n
n
a
s
s
i
i
l
e
e
e
e
e
n
g
i
f
e
l
e
o
n
n
o
e
i
i
i
o
n
r r reliable measurements enable efficient HVAC tuning and operation. Intelligent controls
n
t
i
t
e
i
a
i
i
o
a
o
f
c
e
l
g
s
m
e
s
p
d
p
b
b
f
e
d
o
c
l
l
n
n
a
t
a
e
l
n
l
e
f
n
m
l
n
.
.
t
c
d
m
i
a
c
a
r
r
m
d
u
i
s
r
i
e
s
e
e
e
e
s
e
s
d
d
p
p
e
e
d
d
r
a
c
a
allow post-failure assessment and can provide predictive diagnostics and maintenance
c
e
d
s
s
e
a
i
a
n
n
a
p
p
n
n
d
s
s
f
f
t
t
c
g
i
i
c
t
n
n
t
n
n
c
a
i
a
c
g
a
a
a
t
t
s
n
l
n
i
s
n
o
v
v
l
i
n
o
t
t
e
u
i
e
e
v
n
n
v
o
o
e
i
i
a
a
d
n
n
e
e
d
m
m
i
a
s
s
r
i
r
a
advice.
UV treatment of return air can deliver a high standard of air quality while reducing the t of return air can deliver a high standard of air quality while reducing the t of return air can deliver a high standard of air quality while reducing the
c
n
g
e
n
n
g
n
e
c
s
o
e
e
e
e
s
h
.
p
o
h
.
p
d
d
e
e
e
e
n
n
r
r
a
a
d d
dependence on outdoor supply. It also reduces fouling of fans and heat exchangers.
n
n
l
o
s
s
o
l
o
a
a
f
a
a
f
a
o
o
r
r
l
o
o
l
f
t
t
f
o
I
s
s
.
h
s
s
h
.
I
e
e
a
a
a
y
r
n
t
r
y
t
n
e
x
e
u
o
o
u
n
c
i
i
c
x
l
l
p
f
f
o
c
c
o
p
s
s
d
d
n
t
t
u
e
e
u
d
d
e
e
d
u
u
u
u
n
p
p
n
g
g
d
d
o
h
n
o
C
F
h
a
o
o
e
h
b
o
a
o
u
c
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerants have a
C C h l l o r r o f f l l u o r r o c a r r b o n ( ( C F C ) ) a n d h y d r r o c h l l o r r o f f l l u o r r o c a r r b o n ( ( H C F C ) ) r r e f f r r i i g e r r a n t t s s h a v e a
a
y
d
H
C
u
h
c
o
o
n
o
o
v
a
C
a
n
b
C
e
o
a
F
g
c
e
n
a
b
u
b
u
a
g
A
g
y
y
A
n
n
a
o
o
o
)
o
P
e
P
e
)
i
i
p
a
p
l
e
e
l
i
i
A
i
r
r
high global warming potential (GWP) and have largely been phased out in Australia. A
i
A
v
v
a
l
l
a
n
e
e
n
m
m
h
.
h
l
d
d
t
t
l
a
a
g
g
n
e
e
.
n
d
d
l
u
r
r
t
W
W
a
a
u
t
s
e
G
t
p
G
(
n
t
n
(
h
l
e
e
p
h
t
a
a
t
n
n
s
i
i
a
s
e
a
s
w
(
s
h
y
w
y
w
w
H
)
g
g
)
r
b
r
H
i
s
o
s
o
i
y
y
s
s
a
d
r r regulated phase down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) is underway worldwide as these
h
d
p
p
a
a
F
F
a
e
e
s
(
d
d
n
n
e
d
d
e
e
C
s
C
e
b
o
l
o
e
e
l
n
n
r
a
a
e
e
a
f
u
u
r
a
h
r
h
r
o
o
t
t
e
d
d
t
u
t
o
o
n
e
u
o
n
o
f
o
d
o
e
e
i
d
d
a
i
a
f
r
s
o
r
o
r
r
s
s
l
w
l
l
l
c
c
d
s
w
u
u
s
h
h
w
f
w
| 61
